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Dogopedia›Glossary
part of DogopediaDogopedia · Reference

Cynology glossary

Terms, abbreviations and titles from the purebred dog world — short and to the point. 34 terms across 7 sections.

TitlesShowsBreedingHealthOrganizationsDocumentsCare

Titles

CACIBFCI certificate for a candidate to the International Beauty Champion title. Awarded to the best male and best female of a breed at FCI international shows. Four CACIBs from three countries under three different judges form the basis of the C.I.B. title.CACCertificate for a candidate to the national beauty champion title. Awarded at shows of the corresponding rank; collecting CACs is the path to the national champion title.International Champion (C.I.B.)The top FCI international show title. For most breeds it requires four CACIBs in three different countries under three different judges, with at least one year and one day between the first and the last certificate.Russian ChampionThe national show title of the Russian Kynological Federation, awarded for a set of CAC certificates earned at RKF shows; exact requirements depend on show rank.Russian Junior ChampionA title awarded for results in the junior class (9–18 months) at RKF shows. An early marker of a dog's show potential.JCACCertificate for a junior champion candidate, awarded to the best juniors of a breed; collecting JCACs leads to the Junior Champion title.

Shows

BOB — Best of BreedThe best dog of its breed at a show — the winner of the comparison between the best male and the best female. The BOB winner represents the breed in the FCI group competition (BIG).BOS — Best of Opposite SexBest of Opposite Sex: if BOB goes to a male, BOS is awarded to the best female, and vice versa.BIG — Best in GroupBest dog in an FCI group: the BOB winners of all breeds in the group compete against each other. The BIG winner advances to the Best in Show final.BIS — Best in ShowThe best dog of the entire show — the final competition among the winners of all FCI groups. The most prestigious result of a show day.Show classesAge and status classes in which dogs are shown separately: baby, puppy, junior, intermediate, open, working, champion and veteran. The class determines which certificates a dog competes for.HandlerA specialist who prepares a dog for the ring and presents it at a show: stacking, movement, contact with the judge. Good handling can noticeably affect the result.Show ringThe area where a judge examines dogs: evaluating conformation in stance and movement and comparing dogs against each other.

Breeding

KörungA comprehensive breeding admission used in several breeds (German Shepherd, Rottweiler and others): an assessment of conformation, temperament, working qualities and health test results. Without Körung a dog is not admitted to breeding in these breeds.Breeding evaluation (bonitirovka)A comprehensive evaluation of a dog's breeding value: conformation, origin, offspring quality and working abilities. A traditional practice of Russian cynology, still used by some clubs.Coefficient of inbreeding (COI)The probability that two alleles of a gene are identical by descent — a measure of how related a dog's ancestors are. Calculated with Wright's formula from the pedigree; the deeper the pedigree, the more accurate the estimate. A high COI increases hereditary disease risks and reduces genetic diversity.AVK — ancestor loss coefficientThe share of unique ancestors in a pedigree: 100% means no ancestor repeats. Complements COI by showing the loss of genetic diversity caused by repeated ancestors.InbreedingMating of related animals. In dog breeding it is written with Roman numerals of the generations where the common ancestor appears: e.g. III–IV means a common ancestor in the third generation on the sire's side and the fourth on the dam's side.LinebreedingModerate inbreeding on an outstanding ancestor (usually third generation and beyond) to fix its type and qualities in a line. The main tool of line breeding.OutcrossMating dogs that share no common ancestors within the visible pedigree. Used to bring in "fresh blood" and lower inbreeding in a line.Stud / producerA male or female dog admitted to and used in breeding. A producer's value is judged by the quality of its offspring, not only by its own titles.Litter letterAll puppies of one litter receive names starting with the same letter. Letters follow the alphabet in the order of the kennel's litters — a name often tells which litter number a dog came from.

Health

HD — hip dysplasiaA hereditary malformation of the hip joints. Assessed by X-ray after 12 months (18 in some breeds) on the FCI scale from A (normal) to E (severe). In many breeds the HD result is a condition for breeding admission.ED — elbow dysplasiaA hereditary pathology of the elbow joints, graded by X-ray from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe); usually tested together with HD.Health testsExaminations that reduce the risk of passing on hereditary diseases: dysplasia X-rays (HD/ED), eye exams, and DNA tests for breed-specific mutations. A responsible kennel tests its breeding stock before mating and publishes the results openly.

Organizations

Breed standardThe official description of the ideal representative of a breed: appearance, movement, temperament, faults. Approved by the FCI on submission of the breed's country of origin; judges evaluate dogs against the standard.FCIThe largest international kennel organisation: about a hundred member countries and over 350 recognised breeds in 10 groups. It keeps the registry of kennel names, approves breed standards and the rules of international shows.RKFRussia's national kennel organisation, an FCI member. It keeps the stud book, issues puppy cards and pedigrees, awards national titles and runs shows of all ranks.National breed clubThe association of breeders and owners of one breed within the RKF. It runs the breed's breeding programme and speciality shows, awards club titles and may set additional breeding requirements.

Documents

Kennel name (affix)The kennel name registered with the FCI, included in the registered name of every puppy the kennel produces. The affix is globally unique and works as the kennel's "surname".PedigreeThe official document of a dog's origin listing several generations of ancestors. In the RKF system it is issued in exchange for the puppy card and is the basis for admission to breeding and shows.Puppy cardThe primary RKF document of a puppy, confirming its origin before the full pedigree is issued. It is exchanged for the pedigree before the dog turns 15 months.Tattoo and microchipMeans of dog identification. The tattoo carries the kennel/club code and is applied at litter inspection; the microchip is an electronic ID. The tattoo code appears in the puppy card and pedigree.

Care

Hand-strippingArtificial "moulting" of wire-coated breeds: mature hair is plucked out to make room for new growth. A must for schnauzers, wire-haired terriers and several other breeds — clipping ruins their coat.